Volume 7 | Issue 4 | October

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Grey wolf optimisation algorithm, Power system, State estimation, Weighted least square.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The major transformation the power system is undergoing at a rapid phase is the conversion from use of conventional resources to renewable energy resources due to various environmental issues. Increased level of usage of renewable energy resources might satisfy the increasing demand on the load end but puts the system into stressed conditions at the generation end in the form of reduced inertia of the system which is the key factor for maintaining synchronism. This reduced inertia reflects in the form of change in frequency. In this paper, the artificial intelligence technique fuzzy logic control is proposed as a means of deciding factor in the smart load which in turn controls the frequency from the load end. A comparative study has been made between the normal load and fuzzy based smart load in regulating the primary frequency of the system. Simulation results show that, using this approach, the demand side can make a significant and reliable contribution to primary frequency response.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Primary frequency, Smart Load, fuzzy logic control, demand side control

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Irrigation tank; Bacillariophyceae; Chlorophyceae; Cyanophyceae

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The poultry farming is the raising of domesticated birds such as chickens and ducks for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food. To ensure that the poultries remain productive, the poultry farms in Singapore are required to be maintained at a comfortable temperature. Cooling fans, with power ratings of tens of kilowatts, are usually installed to regulate the temperature in the farms .Besides cooling the farms, the wind energy produced by the cooling fans can be harnessed using wind turbines (WTs) to reduce the farms demand on the grid. The major difference between the situation in poultry farms and common wind farms is in the wind speed variability. In recent years, the research attention on DC grids has been resurging due to technological advancements in power electronics and energy storage devices ,and increase in the variety of DC loads and the penetration of DC distributed energy resources(DERs) such as solar photovoltaic and fuel cells. Many research works on DC micro grids have been conducted to facilitate the integration of various DERs and energy storage systems. In a DC micro grid based wind farm architecture in which each wind energy conversion unit consisting of a matrix converter, a high frequency transformer and a single-phase AC/DC converter are proposed. However, the proposed architecture increases the system complexity as three stages of conversion are required. In this project as an alternative solution we are proposing a DC grid based distribution network. Where the ac output of the wind generators (WGs) in a poultry form are rectified to a common voltage at the DC grid. Most significant advantage of the proposed system is that only the voltage at the DC grid has to be controlled for parallel operation of several WGs without the need to synchronize the voltage, frequency and phase thus allowing the WGs to be turned ON (or) OFF any time without causing disruptions.

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Wind power generation; DC grid; energy management; model predictive control

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Phyllody is a serious disease of sesame in India. The investigations were carried out on the transmission of the disease of seed transmission, sap inoculation, graft inoculation, dodder transmission and leafhopper transmission techniques. They are generally used for phyllody transmission study in sesame. Ratoon of previously grown infected sesame plants were first time used as an infector row for disease transmission in this technique. The phytoplasma are mainly spread by insects which feed on the phloem tissues of infected plants, picking up the phytoplasma and transmitting them to the next plant they feed on. In this technique of disease transmission phytoplasma was restored in the cell sap of previously grown identified infected sesame plants which was translocate in the newly emerged shoots (i.e.) ratoon and later transmitted from plant to plant by sap sucking insects such as leaf hoppers in which they are also able to replicate. These ratoon infected rows were used for transmission of phyllody disease through leaf hopper in healthy plants for field resistance screening. This simple method of disease transmission was successfully used for screening the parents, F1s, F2, B1, B2 generations of crosses JLW-620 x JLS-116 and OSC366 x AT-183 in Field for their field resistance against phyllody disease and present study revealed disease was transmitted 80 to 100% from diseased to healthy plants by an insect vector and causative agent of sesame phyllody is confirmed as Mycoplasma Like Organism. On the basis of screening by ratoon infector rows technique cv. OSC-366 and JLW-620 were found less susceptible to the disease; while AT-183 and JLS-116 were appeared to be moderately susceptible.

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sesame; inheritance; resistance; phyllody; screening

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The distribution of coarse-grained sands is one of the most important factors controlling the occurrences and growth of natural gas hydrates. Naturally occurring sediments prominently consists of clay minerals and silica. Zeolites are other micro porous minerals having channels and pores as integral part of their structure. Aim of the present work is to probe the role of synthetic clay, silica and zeolite of grain sizes 44.17, 60.62 and 35.08 nm respectively, on the hydrate formation with mixed gas of (13 mol% C3H8 and 87 mol% CH4) at different weight percentages of additives (1, 5, 10 and 20 wt%). All the experiments were conducted in isochoric method at 6.8 MPa in 100 mL stirred reactor vessel with 500 rpm. We observed that the formation kinetics for clay as additive (10 wt%) improves significantly (~two times), whereas it is comparable in SiO2 or zeolite. On the other hand, there is no noticeable improvement in the gas consumption. The hydrate formation kinetics in most of the modelling results lead to the conclusion that clay particles act as kinetic inhibitors and promoters at intermediate and final stages which are quite comparable with our results.

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gas hydrate; dissociation; sediments; phase equilibrium; kinetics

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Gram negative bacteria. Scientific research has recognized the using of earthworms as a bioreactor for numerous organic solid wastes to producing organic fertilizers i.e. vermicompost. Vermicompost considered as an excellent product since it is homogenous, has desirable aesthetics, has reduced level of contaminates, has plant growth hormones, higher level of soil enzymes, greater microbial population and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period without adversely impacting the environment. The present paper has appraisal the current state of knowledge on biology and species of earthworm, interaction between earthworm and microorganisms and the use of earthworms for organic waste stabilization. Aim of this paper to generate awareness in peoples towards simple method (vermicomposting) for clean up their surrounding through convert waste in to best. This approach was used in present study to decompose leaf waste of college campus in to valuable product. Leaf waste was crushed and mixed with cattle dung in a ratio of 50: 50. At the end of decomposition, vermicompost obtained in fine granular form which was harvested through fine sieve to get homogenous compost.

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vermicomposting; leaf waste; earthworm; compost

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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affinity; indigenous; metabolites; phytochemical; proximate

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Elaeocarpus ganitrus commonly known as Rudraksha in India belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family and grows in the Himalayan region. Elaeocarpus ganitrus has an important position in Hindu religion and in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. Elaeocarpus ganitrus commonly known as Rudraksha in Sanskrit and Rudraki in Hindi is grown in Himalayan region in India for its medicinal properties and attractive fruit stones. The seed of Rudraksha has been given an individual place and it is attributed with numinous and heavenly properties. Rudraksha beads have been traditionally used in India and other Asian countries As stated by Ayurveda system of medicine, wearing Rudraksha beads relieves strain, anxiety, lack of concentration, insomnia, depression, hypertension, palpitation, infertility, rheumatism, and asthma. Present investigation as a review has been attempting to make the collections of the details like botanical, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological information and therapeutic potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus on the basis of recent scientific research.

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Detailed study on Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Rudraksha) for its medicinal importance - A review

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition