Volume 6 | Issue 4 | October

 Abstract

Portfolio management refers to the process of choosing the right investment approach with the least risk and the most return for an individual. The basis for calculating risk is to calculate returns. This article explains how to select the best investment scheme to suit your needs. Portfolio management considers the characteristics of each security in terms of risk and returns, preventing the holding of too many securities at the same time. In order to choose the optimum or finest portfolio, the investor's risk and return preferences must be considered. Investments are made by selecting the mixture of expected risk and return that matches investor preferences. In this paper, all returns and risks are calculated based on a CAPM Model. Three steps are covered in this model: 1. Determining the risks. 2. Determining the opportunities. 3.Establishing a clear set of targets. Making a decision on which portfolio is best. A CAPM is a practical method of determining how much risk there is with security as well as required return. A CAPM still has some limitations when it comes to dealing with risk. We need to examine the actual portfolio to confirm that it complies with the investment policy statement (SIP) and to determine if there should be any passive rebalancing of asset allocation. Second, evidence of investment performance will need to be provided and will consist of the performance of (1) each of the portfolios, (2) each asset class, and (3) each investment manager.

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Portfolio Management, Investment, Risk, Return, CAPM

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Residues of some rational insecticides (etofenprox, imidacloprid and spirotetramat) in tomatoes fruits were determined after three applications. The results showed that the residues of tested insecticides in zero time (after one hour of insecticides treatment) were the maximum. After the first application the residues of these insecticides were 2.62, 0.91 and 0.95 mg/kg for imidacloprid, spirotetramat and etofenprox, respectively. The corresponding results after the second and third applications were 3.14, 0.95 and 0.96; 3.42, 1.06 and 0.86 mg/kg, respectively. After one week intervals the insecticides residues were decreased to 0.089, 0 and 0; 0.009, 0 and 0; 0.18, 0.04 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The dissipation rate after the third application was 94.7, 92.2 and 94.2% for imidacloprid, spirotetramat and etofenprox, respectively. The results showed that imidacloprid has a minimum preharvest interval (PHI) followed by spirotetramat and etofenprox. The PreHarvest Interval (PHI) was 3.8, 5.8 and 6.8 days, respectively. The results showed also, imidacloprid was the most toxic against sweet potato whitefly adults followed by etofenprox and spirotetramat. The reduction percent of whitefly adults was 98.7, 93.7 and 30%, respectively. The results recommended that using of imidacloprid in sweet potato whitefly control was effective and safely.

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insecticides residues; etofenprox; imidacloprid; spirotetramat; sweet potato whitefly

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The kinetics of oxidation of 10-[5?-(N-diethylamino) pentyl]-2-chlorophenoxazine (ClPhZ) with chloramine-T in HCl medium has been studied spectrophotometrically at 297 K. The reaction exhibited first order dependence of rate on [ClPhZ], second order on [CAT], and inverse first order dependence of rate on [HCl]. Solvent composition shows negative effect indicating the involvement of negative ion-dipolar molecule in the rate determining step. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and addition of halide ions has negligible effect. Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide, the reduction product retards the rate. The effect of temperature is studied at different temperatures and activation parameters have been evaluated. Plausible mechanism and related rate law have been deduced for the observed kinetics.

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N10-substitued phenoxazine derivatives; CAT; kinetics; Reaction mechanism; HCl

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The problem of air pollution has become complex than any other environmental challenges as one cannot produce fresh ambient air to respire. Plant species reduce pollution through their leaf and other aerial surfaces from air by sedimentation and impaction process. In the present work, distinctive changes in plant towards air pollution were assessed by studying their biochemical contents to determine the value of air pollution tolerance index. The plant species chosen were Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisso, Ficus religiosa and Delonix regia grown-up as roadside plantation. The site was exposed to constant vehicular traffic plying on Najafgarh road network in Delhi. The tolerance index value was found to be maximum for Dalbergia sisso (16.59) followed by Azadirachta indica (14.66), Ficus religiosa (12.41) and last for Delonix regia (8.78). The values indicated a range for sensitive to tolerant kind of plant species growing under air pollution affected areas. The anticipated performance value for individual species was also evaluated to determine the benefits from physical features to other socio-economic uses in society. The study of pollution resistance feature in favor of urban vegetation represented an alternative way against air pollution through green spaces developed around emissions from vehicular pollution.

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Biochemical; Bio-indicators; Ascorbic acid; Avenue plants; Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI)

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The present paper describes the drainage basin characteristics of Liddar drainage basin (first major right bank tributary of river Jhelum) in the Kashmir. It has been found that Liddar is a sixth order stream having catchment area of 1134 km2 (kanth and Shakeel, 2005). The river has total of 3771 stream segments of different orders out of which more than 90% are shared by the first and second orders. The drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Fu) of the basin is 3.32 to 2.52 km2 respectively. Drainage density of Liddar stream is coarse (Dd<5 km2) which signifies that it has a efficient drainage. Assessing the soil erosion in Liddar basin is a complex problem because of diverse physiographic and climatic conditions. Taking these factors into consideration the Liddar basin was divided in four erosion intensity zones in order to formulate the suitable conservational measures.

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soil erosion; drainage basin; drainage density; erosion zones

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The purpose of the proposed Adaptive Self-Tuning (ST) Controller is to supplement its existing PI-UPFC control system for damping the inter-area low frequency oscillations in large-scale inter-connected power system is presented in this paper because PI controller parameters are fixed at certain operating point, unless retuned it suffers from insufficient dynamic performance for wide ranges of operating conditions. In order to overcome this problem, the author propose an adaptive supplementary controller with PI controller that tracks the system changes online through its Constrained Recursive Least Square (CRLS) identifier and also eliminates the effort of manual parameter re-tuning through its PS control algorithm. Further to improve the damping capability of the system, this paper propose a new method which uses an adaptive ST controller based UPFC using Fuzzy logic controller for damping inter-area oscillations. Simulation results shows that the UPFC based Fuzzy controller is superior to the UPFC based PI controller and work effectively under different fault condition.

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adaptive ST control; UPFC; power systems control; fuzzy logic control

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radon; lung cancer; workers; underground mines

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The present study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannin content and antibacterial activity from leaf extracts of Hygrophila auriculata (Acanthaceae). Phytochemical screening of various extracts such as aqueous, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and petroleum ether of leaf extracts, revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. The leaf extracts were evaluated for tannin content with tannic acid as standard. The optimum yield of tannins was found in leaf extract (7.1 mg Tannic Acid Equivalents (TAE)/g) of Hygrophila auriculata. Different concentrations of acetone leaf extract were tested for the anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the agar disc diffusion technique. Leaf extract of Hygrophila auriculata was found to be inactive against Escherichia coli. The acetone extract from dry powdered leaf of Hygrophila auriculata had superior level of antimicrobial activity. The powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compound in the acetone leaf extract of Hygrophila auriculata.

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Hygrophila auriculata; tannin; phytochemical; disc diffusion; antibacterial activity

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The pollen morphology of some mangrove flora growing in the area of Muziris Pattanam wetlands of Ernakulam District, Kerala, India was studied using light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy during the period of June 2013 to May 2014. Some true mangroves and mangrove associates were selected for the study and compared the pollen morphology to find out any similarities and variations among them. The results indicated considerable variation in the pollen size and shape from subprolate, prolate spheroidal and prolate. Off the eight pollen studied, six were trizonocolporate. Surface pattern was reticulate, rugulate, echinate with waxy coating, tectate and some columellate. Echinate pollen with spines was found in the pollen of Nypa fruticans. Of the eight pollen studied, pollen of Acanthus ilicifolius is the largest and Excoecaria agallocha is the smallest. P/E ratio and exine thickness was also varied in the selected species. Thus, a short description of pollen constructed based on the selected characteristics.

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Pollen morphology, true mangroves; mangrove associates; SEM; LM

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Artificial/ Synseed/ Synthetic seeds are produced by encapsulation of plant micropropagules (somatic embryos, shoot buds/shoot tips, calli, nodal segments, embryogenic masses, protocorms and protocorm like bodies) with specific coating materials. The outer coating matrix provides protection and nutrition to the encapsulated plant tissues. Calcium alginate gel is the most preferred among other available protective coverings as it enhances capsule formation and provides sufficient firmness to alginate beads to withstand mechanical injury to propagules. Nutrients, growth regulators, antibiotics and other adjuvants are incorporated into coating matrix to facilitate normal development of plant propagules leading to synseed germination and healthy plant formation. Somatic embryos are the commonly used explant propagule for synseed development because of the availability of well-established in vitro culture protocols for somatic embryogenesis. Synthetic seed technology has important application in large scale multiplication of commercially valuable plants which are difficult to propagate through conventional vegetative methods. Another significant aspect of synthetic seeds is the possibility of conserving germplasm of rare and endangered economically important plants through short term cold storage and cryopreservation. Inspite of its bright prospect, synseed technology is besotted with several drawbacks due to limited availability of appropriate micropropagules in large scale, immature and asynchronous somatic embryo development and very low conversion rate of synseeds into normal plants. Refinement of technology is the need of hour to make its wide applications at commercially level. The review aims to stress on various aspects of synseed technology development in several commercially important plants using different explant propagules. The various applications and limitations of the technology in plant science research have also been emphasized in the present article.

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synthetic seeds, desiccation, protocorms, somatic embryos, callus

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