Volume 6 | Issue 2 | April

 Abstract

Linear Algebra is one of the streams of Mathematics which targets on solving the system of linear equations. Solving system of linear equations involve plenty of applications in various fields. Matrix notations and the way of finding solutions to linear equations made complicated findings easy in daily life as well as in other fields like Physics, Chemistry, Computers. In the present paper, we explained the relevant applications and calculations with appropriate examples which illustrate the power of the linear algebra tools.

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Linear Algebra, Linear equations, Applications, Daily life, Physics, Chemistry, Computers, Cryptology

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Ancient civlization

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MATERNAL AND CHILD MALNUTRITION IN INDIA: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

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MATERNAL AND CHILD MALNUTRITION IN INDIA: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

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People tend to be interested in income sources that will maximize their earnings within a short period of time. Its miscellaneous investment options prove suitable for a wide range of investors, making investing in equity funds at the right time such a great income source. Investing in equity can be risky, but it yields better results than other options. This study investigates the performance of a sample of Equity-Linked Saving Scheme (ELSS) mutual funds. This study compares equity-linked savings schemes with other traditional investment forms, like PPFs, that can help save taxes. Based on projected annualize returns on investments in the last five years, the researcher analyzed the selected good returns receiving ELSS. ELSS tax saving mutual funds were analyzed based on volatility analysis. The performance of selected ELSS tax saving mutual fund schemes is analyzed with the help of various statistical tools based on various parameters. Mutual funds such as PPF and ELSS are both excellent tax saving strategies, but each has unique characteristics. Specifically, the researcher compares ELSS funds with other investment options eligible for deduction under section 80C of the Income Tax Act 1961 such as Public Provident Funds and helps the average investor decide where to invest in order to maximize their investment return.

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Mutual fund investments, ELSS tax savers, public provident fund, test of difference, tax savings.

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Most predominant plant adaptive drought tolerant root traits are root length density and root shoot ratio. With the advent of technological and material improvements, intensive root studies are encouraged to channelize the information into both crop establishment and crop improvement programmes. Not much information is available on the effect of moisture stress on various adaptive root traits of grain and sweet sorghum cultivars that could be used for different seasons in a year apart from the already mentioned two traits. This research aimed to derive alternative root traits besides root length density and root shoot ratio that can be proposed for assessing season suitability of sorghum types. A mini-rhizotron experiment was conducted with two grain sorghum cultivars (M35-1 and CSV-15) and three sweet sorghum cultivars (SSV-84, ICSV-25267 and ICSV25274) at two moisture regimes (Field Capacity and 50%Avaialble Water Content) under glasshouse conditions of Rothamsted Research, U.K. Data related to basal root branching angle, root moisture content, coarse and fine root fractions etc were recorded. Root Proliferation Index was derived and suggested for the same purpose. Grain sorghum cultivars differed from sweet sorghum cultivars in recording steeper basal root branching angle, increased root moisture content, and high root proliferation Index at deeper soil layers. Further, M35-1 with all the above observations, stood out from others and supposed to be suitable for post rainy rainfed situation, CSV-15 and SSV-84 with medium root angle, root moisture content and root proliferation Index likely to be suitable for rainy season and the other two sweet sorghum cultivars might be suitable for irrigated post rainy season due to high coarse root fraction but more root moisture content and high root proliferation Index. These alternate root traits could be used as tools to screen sorghum cultivars for their season suitability for field application depending upon the prevailing agro-ecological situations. The inferences could also be used to develop insight into climate mitigation potential of sorghum root through soil carbon sequestration.

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root traits; root proliferation index; basal root branching angle; sweet sorghum; grain sorghum

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The present study was conducted in Gulmarg Meadow and composite soil samples were collected randomly during the study in the autumn season in disturbed and undisturbed sites of the region, and mean of the results were analyzed for different physic-chemical characteristics of soil. The soils in the study area fall in the sandy loam class. There was a marked difference in pH, EC, Organic carbon, Soil moisture, N, P and K. between disturbed and undisturbed sites. Regarding clay, slit and sand percentages (soil texture) no marked difference appeared between disturbed and un-disturbed sites.

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Gulmarg; physico-chemical parameters; soils; disturbed areas; undisturbed areas

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In this paper, a new converter called fuzzy based re-configurable solar converter (RSC) for the combined PV and battery management application, particularly utility-scale PV-battery application is introduced. The primary concept of the proposed technique is to make use of a single-level three-phase grid-tie solar PV converter with an advanced fuzzy based controller to perform dc/ac and dc/dc conversion operations. This converter is majorly suggested for PV-battery systems, because it reduces the number of conversion levels, and hence improving efficiency of system including gross reduction in cost of operation, weight, and volume. In this project, a brief analysis of the proposed technique is presented and simulation tests are conducted to demonstrate the attractive performance characteristics of the proposed fuzzy based RSC.

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converter; fuzzy logic controller; energy storage; photovoltaic (PV); solar plates

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A study was conducted in South Dry Zone in Karnataka falls in Tumkur District of Karnataka during kharif season 2008 to assess the performance of conventional and aerobic farming systems and their economics in a paddy based cropping system. The conventional farming treatment received full dose of recommended NPK such as diammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulphate and the weeds were controlled through herbicide. In aerobic method, weeds were controlled through manual weeding and plant protection was done by applying neem products like Neem oil 3% and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5%. The application of farmyard manure, neem cake and tank silt was followed in aerobic method. Seeds were treated with Azospirillum. Trichogramma japonicum was used as biological control for stem borer and leaf folder. The results revealed that high crop yields recovered in aerobic paddy system compared to conventional method. Net returns obtained in Aerobic method (Rs. 57,847) were higher compared to conventional method (Rs. 15,296). The study also revealed that the farmers were convinced about aerobic rice cultivation and accepted the new method of cropping system compared to conventional method.

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conventional farming; aerobic farming; farmyard manure; Neem cake; tank silt

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distribution; environmental variables; macroalgae; seasonal variation; vitamin E

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Ethephon, a compound ethylene generator, is used to increase production of latex in Hevea brasiliensis. A previous study showed that in the PB 260 clone of Hevea brasiliensis, an active metabolic clone, intensive stimulation with Ethephon in downward tapping has a reduction effect on the production potential of trees in upward tapping. This study aims to show the impact of this intensive stimulation in downward tapping on production potential of trees in upward tapping of a moderate metabolism clone, GT 1, which supports better Ethephon stimulation. The assessment of this impact was made through analyses of changes in biochemical parameters of latex and rubber production. These analyses have shown that in GT 1 clone of Hevea brasiliensis, a moderate metabolism clone, 8 stimulations per year in downward tapping significantly lowered the production potential of trees in upward tapping. Stimulation in downward tapping from this frequency (8 stimulations per year) becomes a damaging factor to production in upward tapping. However, stimulation frequencies of less than 4 times a year do not valorize the production potential of this clone in downward tapping. Therefore, the stimulation frequency that ensures optimal production, both in downward and in upward tapping for Hevea brasiliensis GT 1 clone is between 4 and 8 stimulations per year.

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downward tapping; ethephon intensive stimulation; GT 1 clone of Hevea brasiliensis; production potential; upward tapping

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