Volume 4 | Issue 1 | January

 Abstract

Pashchim sih bhum me jila mahila samiti aur mahila sashaktikaran

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Pashchim sih bhum me jila mahila samiti aur mahila sashaktikaran

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Art is pretty ironic. How else would you describe the ruins of Buddhist art and architecture which have great reflection of Music in their structure in India? The development began from the on iconic stage early 4th century BC to 1st century BC with the emergence of symbolic imagery and its final stronghold (1st century AD). Century - 6th century AD) can be continuously tracked and classified. Beginning with a simple spherical mound containing the relics of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, the monument depicts in vivid fluidity and lyricism the life and previous incarnations (Jataka Tales) of the Buddha and scenes from each life. Up until the emergence of traditional stupas, Buddhist art represented ancient India and, above all, opposed the adjuncts to the principles that gave rise to it: the doctrines of rigor, simplicity, and non-symbolic worship. Logically and paradoxically, Buddhist art was ultimately abandoned by the Buddha, even though the scriptures state that historical Buddhas never imposed limits on the expression of figurative art itself. It's just that he came to represent that life - dance, music, court life, and an extravagant lifestyle - what he called the life hidden beneath Maya. But it is precisely this celebration of life that this artical explores, whether dance and music is the criteria for celebration. Depictions of solemn events can be found on hundreds of tablets, friezes, panels, gates and medallions from numerous Buddhist sites across India. The article will focus on several regions: Ajanta west, Sanchi, Barhat east, Mathura central, Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda south, and Gandhara Apart from the brief lists of dance and music examples depicted on these pages, regional differences and stylistic qualities is compared and studied ,As we learned and examines dance or music in sculpture or murals cannot study each art in isolation. It is more than a way of approaching this subject; it is a belief, practice and acceptance emanating from Natyashastra himself. Dance and music are forever linked and, along with history, are reflected in our nation's art and mural traditions. The poses of classical and folk dances are reflected in the static forms of the sculptures, the facial expressions of the dancers on the murals convey the mood of the music, and the detailed depictions of the audience, the revellers and the audience's facial expressions clarify it. Dance and music were one cause of joy. Dance and music evoke passionate expressions in performers and audiences, and this is evident in Buddhist art.

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Dance and music , Depictions , celebration , costumes, jewellery, hairstyles , Buddha , Natya

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A survey for viruses infecting sugarcane fields in Makarfi and Sabon Gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna State was conducted in 2012. Leaves of Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays (maize), Capsicum annum var longum, Pennisetum typhoides (millet) and weeds expressing virus-like symptoms were collected. The samples were tested for the presence of Sugarcane Mosaic virus (SCMV) and Johnsongrass Mosaic Virus (JGMV) using Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) and Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) and Sorghum Mosaic Virus (SrMV) by Triple Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TAS- ELISA). Among the 11 weed flora, four were found to be infected with SCMV, while one was coinfected with MDMV and SrMV. SCMV was also detected in maize samples. Out of the three millet samples tested, one was infected with SCMV and another infected with SrMV. SCMV was also detected in sorghum while coinfection of SCMV and SrMV was found in another sorghum sample. SCMV was also detected in a broad leaf crop Capsicum annum. This is the first report of SCMV infections in plants other than sugarcane and especially broadleaf plants in the areas.

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DAS-ELISA, TAS-ELISA, weeds, crops

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Gold nanoparticles are widely used for clinical developments in cell labeling, contrast in biological imaging, drug design and time bound delivery at the specific location of the disease by conjugating gold nanoparticles with proteins or biomolecules that impart high affinity to target and at various disease pathologies. In biomedical applications, preventing aggregation of gold nanoparticle is a very challenging task. The media in which the cell grows, the cytoplasm of the cell and the blood stream are the complex aqueous mixtures of nutrients, proteins, electrolytes etc. Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine will require the introduction of particles into living cells. When nanoparticles are introduced into the biological systems, nanoparticles interact and precede the steps like distribution, metabolism and elimination. So the stability of nanoparticle is one of the main concern in biomedical application. In the present research work, gold nanoparticles stabilized with citrate with different sizes, starch and gum arabic have been synthesized and characterized. The AuNps were studied for its in vitro stability. The stability of the gold nanoparticles over a period of time of 240 hrs at room temperature, the addition of different concentration of electrolyte and the change of pH were monitored using absorption spectroscopy and Zeta potentiometer. The in vitro stability studies show that, the gold nanoparticles were highly stable under the experimental conditions adopted. In this stability studies, it was found that, the gold nanoparticles are highly stable also the starch and gum arabic stabilized gold nanoparticles were more stable than citrate capped gold nanoparticles.

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gold nanoparticles; stability; zeta potential; UV-Vis spectroscopy; electrolyte

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Spectral analyses of hemoglobin derivatives of the fish, Cirrhinus mrigala along with role of serine in the hemoglobin have been studied. While studying the visible spectra of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, 2 peaks have been observed at ?575, ?540 in oxyhemoglobin whereas only 1 peak at ?556 is observed in deoxyhemoglobin. In case of carboxyhemoglobin there are only 2 peaks at ?567.8 and ?537 in the fish similar to 2 peaks at ?568, ?537 in human. The fundamental to functioning of the hemoglobin are invariant amino acid sequences which are essential in fish and human. The molecular strategies for oxygen transport based on the sequence of amino acid leading to the conformational changes in the hemoglobin molecule along with their effects in the fish and human in the light of different habit and habitat have been explored. The physiological significance of these observations is discussed.

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Homolog of hemoglobin, hemoglobin derivatives, Cirrhinus mrigala

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For the first time, this research study sponsored by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (Government of India) and the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was conducted at national level. The major objectives were to evaluate extent, patterns and determinants of various drugs of abuse in India. This study involved a representative sample of males between the ages 12 to 60 years from erstwhile 25 states of India. To cover the target sample at national level, a multistage probability sampling approach was used. The respondents were interviewed using face to face interview method by trained interviewers. For this, a questionnaire was specifically developed and validated before start of this study. Instead of few unavoidable problems, this study could be completed successfully. The final report of the study was duly submitted to the concerned agencies. As members of the Central Coordinating Unit of this project, in our opinion, each aspect of research methodology under a large scale study can easily be implemented through involvement of regional (state) level coordinators. To improve quality of data, monitoring at various levels are mandatory. With involvement of state level coordinators, it was found a successful approach regarding completion of large scale study. The detailed methodological awareness may be useful to the readers interested in similar large scale epidemiological surveys in the field of drug abuse as well as other areas of interest.

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national household survey, drug abuse, methods of data collection, epidemiological understanding, generalisability

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An attempt was made to reclamation the sodium chloride stressed plants with calcium chloride. For this work, Zea mays Var. Co-24 was cultivated in control, 10 mM NaCl alone, and in combined salt (10 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2). NaCl stressed plants showed decreased the photosynthetic pigments. When NaCl treatment was combined with CaCl2, it significantly improved the photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were increased in NaCl stressed plants while it is decreased in combined salt treated plants. In conclusion, NaCl treated plants significantly decreased the plants growth and photosynthetic pigments while increased the proline and antioxidant enzymes in Zea mays. However, calcium chloride treated with NaCl stressed plants it significantly improved the variables affected by NaCl salinity. The addition of calcium chloride plays a significant role in mitigating the deleterious effect of NaCl salinity.

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antioxidative enzymes, calcium chloride, photosynthesis, Zea mays

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The study is to find out the relation between quality of life and depression in epileptic patients and the relation between quality of life of epileptic patient and the level of burden among caregivers of patient with epilepsy. A 50 epileptic subjects were taken from the Soban Singh Jeena Base hospital and Sai Hospital and research center. The subjects were asked to fill two scales (i.e) Q.O.L.I.E-31 and BDI-I and one scale (i.e) ZBI was filled by their caregivers to measure caregiver burden. Result showed significant negative correlation between Q.O.L.I.E-31 vs B.D.I-II and Q.O.LI.E-31 and Z.B.I. (p=.000).The result showed significant positive correlation B.D.I-II vs. Z.B.I (p=.000). Duration of disease was not significantly correlated with Q.O.L.I.E-31, B.D.I.-II and Z.B.I. On analysis of domains of QOLIE-31, we found that emotional well being is most affected domain. On comparison of correlations B.D.I-II and Z.B.I was strongly associated with each other. It can be concluded that Q.O.L.I.E-31, B.D.I-II and Z.B.I were significantly correlated with each other but durations of disease was not correlated with any of them. The B.D.I-II and Z.B.I were strongly correlated. Emotional well being is most affected domain in epileptic patients.

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epilepsy, quality of life, depression, caregiver burden

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The pathogenic infection is an important cause of male infertility. The etiological role of infection in male infertility has been paid more attention in recent years. Asthenozoospermia may play a major role in infectious process which leads to deterioration of spermatogenesis, sperm motility and its morphological changes. The results of our study showed that 40% of infertile men were positive to at least for one pathogen. Moreover, there was an important relation between the bacteriospermia and sperm impairment. The rate of non-motile sperm and morphologically abnormal sperm was higher in infertility cases. Bacteria were isolated and their effects on sperm court, motility and morphological defects were studied. From the above studies, it was clear that the dominant bacteria such as Escherichia coli (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Pseudomonas aeroginosa (14%), proteus mirabilis (8%) were responsible for sperm motility and morphological changes. Mycoplasma hominis were present in lowest population (4%), so it was not taken into the account. But this also caused sperm motility and morphological changes in spermatozoa. The infections were compared with sperm motility and identified that the predominant bacteria which causes Asthenozoospermia was Escherichia.

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asthenozoospermia, spermatogenesis, pathogenic infection

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The cytological studies provide more information regarding the response of a genotype to the particular mutagen and provide chances to select desirable characters. The seeds of green gram var. Vamban2 were exposed to different dose/conc. of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) to induce mutation. The chromosome of a treated and control plants under mitotic stages were observed. The common chromosomal aberrations are precocious movement, stickiness, bridges, fragments, laggards etc. As increase in the concentration, the frequency of cells showing chromosomal aberrations shows a linear increase up to a certain level. Compared to gamma rays, EMS produced the highest chromosomal aberrations.

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gamma rays, EMS, green gram, cytotoxicity, stickiness

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