Volume 3 | Issue 4 | October

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increased use of mobile phones is seen against a background of rise in microbial infection rates. These mobile phones act as reservoir of microbial flora. The objective of the study was to determine the rate of microbial contamination of mobile phones of college students. The mobile phone of students belonging to Quaid-E-millath Government College for Woman was surveyed for microbial load. The microbial swabs were cultured in a nutritive agar and the microbial isolates obtained were qualitative analyzed. The results obtained showed 98% of isolates and 2% non isolates. The 98% isolated include Gram positive bacillus, Gram negative bacillus, Staphylococcus sp, E. coli, Enterococcus, Coliform, Micrococcus and Aerobic spores. This study thus highlights the fact that mobile phones are potential threat in the dissemination of infections pathogens. It can thus be concluded that development of effective preventive strategies such as regular decontamination of mobile phones with disinfectant and personal hygiene can help reduce the burden of contamination.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mobile phone, pathogens, fomites, mobile phones

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An investigation was carried out in four basins of Dal Lake viz. Hazratbal, Nishat, Nehru Park and Nigeen basin in Kashmir during March-December, 2012 to study the effects of pollutants on physicochemical characteristics of Dal Lake. After physicochemical analysis of water samples collected from four basins of the lake, Nigeen basin showed the highest level of pollution than rest of the basins. Therefore the present study clearly indicates that Dal Lake is undergoing rapid eutrophication under the increasing anthropogenic impacts in its drainage basins. The rate of pollution varies from one basin to other. It was observed that pollution problem in the basins of Dal is mainly due to addition of major plant nutrients particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, derived from human wastes, detergents and agricultural practices. The organic and inorganic pollutant load in the Dal has accelerated the macrophytic growth which in turn has reduced the water quality and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the lake and hence has reduced the recreational and aesthetic appeal of the lake. The condition of Dal Lake has reached a critical stage from the ecological angles and if proper conservation measures are not taken , the lake will likely deteriorate further and will turn into a choked ecosystem in near future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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pollutants, eutrophication, ecosystem, basins

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study reports five new terrestrial snails to Ha’il region. The zoogeographical origin of these species is reported here. The species belongs to five families, each family has only one genus: Subulinidae, Rumina; Ferussaciidae, Cecilioides, Hygromiidae, Monacha; Helicidae, Eobania, and Pupillidae, Pupoides.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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terrestrial snails, first record, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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drinking water, quality assessment, pathogenic bacteria, Kothuru panchayath

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Naringi crenulata, antifungal activity, LME, MIC, human pathogens

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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pollution, physico-chemical quality, eutrophication, trophic index

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The genus Dunaliella is a halotolerant microalgae are common in hypersaline environments. Additionally, different species of Dunaliella can accumulate significant amounts of valuable fine chemicals such as carotenoids, glycerol, lipids, vitamins, minerals and proteins. Modified Johnsons medium is widely used for growing Dunaliella species, however, without air supplement the growth of algae was slow. The new medium was designed based on the modified Johnsons medium with altering the concentration of MgSO4, NaHCO3 and addition of NaVO3 and elimination of MgCl2. This medium was named as, Ramaraj medium. Pure cultures of Dunaliella species were isolated from the salt soil samples namely, KU07, KU08, KU11, KU13 and KU16. All the isolated strains grew fast in Ramaraj medium. Among these isolates the growth curve of KU11 was taken for comparing the two media. The growth of KU11 was faster and better in Ramaraj medium than in the modified Johnsons medium in all the different NaCl concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M). The result showed that Ramaraj medium is useful for culturing of Dunaliella species.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dunaliella species, microalgae, culture medium, NaCl, salinity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The role of probiotics bacteria has been studied so far only on experimental basis at low or medium stocking densities and its performance on semi-intensive systems with high stocking densities are found wanting. In this backdrop, the present study was carried out so as to evaluate the performance of two commercially available probiotics in the growth and survival of P. monodon in grow-out conditions. A detailed account on the semi-intensive culture of P. monodon was carried out with special emphasis on pond preparation, stocking, feeding, growth analysis and other routine culture operations. Water quality parameters such as Temperature, Salinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen were strictly monitored on daily basis for 120 days of culture (DOC). The pond fed with the commercially available probiotics (Products A & B) showed comparatively higher (%) of survival, Average Body Weight (ABW) and fairly good FCR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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semi intensive culture, probiotics, growth rate, survival, FCR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition