Volume 3 | Issue 3 | July

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MSMEs, Role, Performance, Policies.

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Ten accessions of winged bean (Psohocarpus tetragonolobus L. DC) were collected from National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource (NBPGR), New-Delhi for carrying out Ph.D., programme of the first author in the Department of Botany, Burdwan University. These accessions were grown at the Crop Research Farm (CRF) under this department following Randomized Block Design (RBD) in four replications in the month of May, 2011. Uniform, agronomical measures were provided for its proper growth and development. Various metrical characters viz. (i) plant height (cm),(ii) branches per plant( no.), (iii) days to initiation of flower bud (d), (iv) appearance of first green pod (d), (v) fruits per plant (at 50% flowering stage ) (no.), (vi) pod per plant (no.) [pre-harvesting period ], (vii) weight of 100 grains (g), (viii) seed weight per plant (g) and (ix) yield per plant were observed and recorded properly till harvesting. In addition a few biochemical parameters viz. (i) soluble carbohydrate, (ii) insoluble carbohydrate, (iii) protein, (iv) chlorophyll content, (v) DNA contents and (vi) RNA contents were also measured for assessing variations of biochemical components of the genotypes. Normally, the legume crop like winged bean does not survive during rainy season. If so, abundance of pathogenic attack are noticed in the standing crop. But, it could survive easily by agronomic management in the rainy season without showing any paste and diseases. The analyses of co-variances like ?gi gj, ?pipj and ?eiej have been calculated following Singh and Chaudhary (1984). The aims and objects of this experimentation were to study the productivity, adaptability and the variations of biochemical components prevailing this environment to aware its co-heritability in this location.

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agronomic management, productivity, adaptability, co-heritability

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Recently, natural products have been evaluated as sources of antimicrobial agents with efficacies against a variety of microorganisms. This study described the antibacterial and antifungal activities of fruit peels extract of Punica granatum L. and Citrus sinensis on the selected bacteria and fungi including Acidobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and the fungal isolates used are Fusarium graminearum and Candida albicans. The peel extract of Punica granatum L. has shown highest antimicrobial activity compared to the peel extract of Citrus sinensis. Among the selected bacterial and fungal cultures, the highest antibacterial activity was recorded against Acidobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and among fungi high activity against fusarium graminaerum was recorded.

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antimicrobial agents, Punica granatum, Citrus sinensis

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haematology, respiratory burst rate, serum protein, albumin, globulin

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Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and is an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel. It is biodegradable, renewable and has a low emission profile which is better for environment. The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world. In this experiment cottonseed oil was selected for biodiesel production. In order to standardize the parameters three catalyst concentrations (KOH) which were 1.5, 2 and 2.5% consecutively and three reaction temperature (45, 60 and 750C) were set. Three levels of molar concentrations (4:1, 5:1, 6:1) were also used in this case. The results showed that with the variation of catalyst and methanol concentration variation of biodiesel production takes place. However, the effect of different parameters for standardization of esterification process for the production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil has been shown in this paper.

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biodiesel, cotton seed oil, esterification, methanol, homogenous base catalyst

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Macrobrachium rosenbergii, proximate composition, proteins, lipids, fat

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The study of pollen is an important area of research. Various pollen morphological features such as shape, size, symmetry, apertural pattern and exine configuration are very conservative features for the taxonomic assessment of plants. Pollen can be captured from the air. The analysis of atmospheric sample provide the presence of pollutants as well as microbes, fungal spores and pollen grains as bio-particles; some of which may cause asthma, allergic diseases or respiratory troubles in human beings. In this connection, the study of pollen incidence in the atmosphere through aerobiological survey helped in the preparation of a pollen calendar of a particular area. A pollen calendar can be prepared by capturing the pollen grains from air throughout different seasons of the year with the help of Rotorod Sampler, Burkard Sampler or any other sampler devices. The pollen grains captured from the air are identified comparing the pollen grains of reference slides. The Reference slides of the pollen grains of a particular area are prepared following acetolysis methods of Erdtman. Thus, it is possible to prepare a complete pollen calendar of the taxa growing in the surroundings. There are large number of plants growing in wild such as Alstonia scholaris, Catharanthus roseus, Acacia auriculiformis, Moringa oleifera, Carica papaya, Mangifera indica, Brassica campestris, Amaranthus sp, Cassia sp, Argemone mexicana and grasses which are responsible for allergic diseases as reported by many workers. The humid climatic set up favours the growth of different fungal spores, a part of airspora. Besides different types of fungal spores, husk of Oryza sativa, Brassica campestris and Sesamum indicum coming from harvesting are causative factors for the expression of the allergic diseases or respiratory troubles to the farmers. The diversity of flowering plants is also high. So, there is ample scope of work in the Arambagh region for finding out the reasons of allergy caused by pollen grains in human beings. From the clinical view point allergy is described as hypersensitivity reaction mediated through immunological mechanisms. Among different classes of immunoglobulin like IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM; the IgE is involved in accelerating allergic reactions in human body. Different workers isolated allergen protein from pollen grains of some plants like Catharanthus roseus, Mangifera indica etc. and they have found the IgE reactivity in animals along with the expression of some hypersensitive symptoms.

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pollen, taxonomic assessment, pollen incidence, allergy, allergen

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Two marine brown macroalgae from Visakhapatnam coast were analysed for phenols. The phenol content varied in the two species analysed. It ranged from 0.11 to 0.84 mg/g in both the species. Padina tetrastromatica registered a higher content of phenol than the Sargassum vulgare. Seasonal variations in phenol distribution in both the species was also observed. Higher content was observed from September 2012 to January 2013 in P. tetrastromatica and from September to November 2012 in S. vulgare. Lower content was observed during summer period for both the species. The environmental variables were correlated with the distribution of phenols. The pH of the sea water was positively correlated at P > 0.05, and the other variables were negatively correlated. The lowest IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by S. vulgare. These results suggest that both the species have shown potential as sources of natural antioxidants.

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antioxidant activity, brown algae, Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum vulgare, total phenols

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Sandal (Santalum album L.) is one of the most primitive precious useful plants since ancient times. This plant was domesticated due to its multifarious usefulness. Through, it has the natural regeneration capability, but it needs further experiment towards artificial propagation through seed. It has observed that there are lot of problems on seed germination. Successful afforestation or social forestry not depends on seedlings survival out of planting, but also on optimum and uniform early growth and productivity. This can be accomplished by raising quality planting stock using known and superior seed source material and adopting modern nursery practices. Traditionally, most of the forestry species on commercial scale are raised on polybags with a potting media combination of 2:1:1 sand: soil: FYM. Common problems associated with traditional nursery techniques are bulky potting mixture, poor nutrient status of the mixture, poor water holding capacity, root coiling and less root fibrocity. Modern nursery techniques have potential to overcome the problems faced by traditional polybags nursery (Josiah and Jones, 1995). In case of sandal, the basic problem is seed germination artificially. The seeds were treated with hot and cold water, GA3 in different concentrations for its artificial germination. After a certain period, seedlings were started to germinate. By observing all these peculiarities the germinated seeds were transferred to polypots and hycopots. Now, it is being realized that the only way to counter smuggling activities and to meet demand for sandal wood encouraging sandal domestication may be the only option. But, an easy technology is to be explored for the plantation to be taken up by the general people. Keeping all these views in mind the authors undertook the venture for the same since over a couple of years for its propagation and survivality to explore the areas of suitable as well as congenial edaphic factors. Day to day growth and development were observed and recorded all these data properly which have been exhibited in this context. The main aims and objects are to study the integrated scientific approach of seed germination, its growth behavior in nursery for production of quality and healthy planting stock and raising successful plantation subsequently.

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most primitive, domesticated, artificial propagation, potting mixture, hycopots

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The edible Amaranthus is one of the popular leafy vegetables in the South-East Asia and is increasingly its popularity in the Asia and elsewhere due to its attractive leaf color, taste and nutritional value. In some countries of South Africa, this crop is consumed as staple food. Indeed, this is an unparallel crop for producing leafy vegetable as well as Amaranthus grains, considering its adaptability round the year in any tropical countries in the globe. It is very common item for regular food/diets and medicinal uses. Fifteen genotypes of Amaranthus sp were collected from National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New-Delhi in the beginning of the year 2011 for their location trial performance in this part of West Bengal. These genotypes were grown in the Crop Research Farm (CRF) following Randamized Block Design (RBD) lay-out having 4 replications. Various phenotypic characters viz. (i) Days to seed germination (ii) Plant height (cm) in 15 days (iii) Leaf plant-1 in 15 days (number) (iv) Leaf length in 15 days (cm) (v) Leaf width in 15 days (cm) (vi) Length of petiole(cm) in 15 days (vii) Plant height in 30 days (cm) (viii) Leaf plant-1 in 30 days (number) (ix) Leaf length in 30 days (cm) (x) Length of petiole in 30 days (cm) (xi) Leaf width in 30 days (cm) (xii) Basal diameter plant-1 in 30 days (cm) (xiii) Plant height in 60 days (cm) (xiv) Number of leaves plant-1 in 60 days (xv) Leaf length in 60 days (cm) (xvi) Leaf width in 60 days (cm) (xvii) Length of petiole in 60 days (cm) (xviii) Basal diameter plant-1 in 60 days (xix) Days to emergence of inflorescence (days) (xx) Inflorescence plant-1 (number) and all these data were recorded properly which have been exhibited in this context. The aims and object of this write-up are to indicate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in regard to yield components of fleshy healthy leaves and grains of Amaranthus sp. in these particular plains of West Bengal.

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adaptability, locational trial, genotypic and phenotypic characteristics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition