Volume 2 | Issue 2 | April

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Jharkhand me krushi ek adhayan

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Jharkhand me krushi ek adhayan

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The importance of conservation efforts increases as the rate at which biodiversity is declining accelerates due to human activities, global and Indian environmental changes, habitat loss, and species extinction. The consequences of human activities on animal and plant life are becoming more pervasive and, in some cases, irreversible. Despite some criticism, biodiversity hotspots have shown to be an excellent tool for identifying key areas in need of protection and for directing the selection of cost-efficient solutions to preserve biodiversity in terrestrial and, to a lesser extent, marine ecosystems. This area-based method, which can be used to any scale, has been heralded as one of the most successful ways to protect a significant portion of India's biological diversity. There is a rising tide of public opinion in support of preserving natural variety. This is because of concerns for the financial well-being of communities located in areas of significant biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity posed by the economy are among the gravest. Economic instruments are being used as part of this approach on a case-by-case basis all around the world. Taking a step back and looking at the broad picture might help you make sense of the difficulties that have surfaced as a result of biodiversity protection efforts. This article documents and reviews the efforts made to preserve biodiversity. When supply and demand are compared, it seems that more energy is being directed towards increasing the availability of biological resources for human use. Research in the academic literature and study of field records were used to establish the conservation tendencies. Researchers have seen a worrying trend in low-income countries, despite the fact that many of them have rich biodiversity: a decrease in spending on the economic mechanisms used to safeguard this resource.

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Biodiversity, conservation world wide biological, strategies

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Sitacharitam ki prasangita

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Sitacharitam ki prasangita

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भारत हा शेतीप्रधान देश आहे.शेती हा प्रमुख व्यवसाय असून त्यावर आधारित मोठ्या प्रमाणात चालणारे कृषी उद्यो आहेत. कृषिप्रधान अर्थव्यवस्थेमध्ये शेतीक्षेत्राचा महत्त्वाचा सहभाग आहे. भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेत ज्या प्रमाणे मोठ्या उद्योगांना स्थान आहे.त्याचप्रमाणे कृषी उद्योगाला सुद्धा महत्त्वाचे स्थान आहे. कृषी प्रधान देशांमध्ये अनेक उद्योग हे शेतीवर आधारित आहेत. ज्या उद्योगांमध्ये कृषिमाल हा कच्चामाल म्हणून वापरला जातो आणि त्यापासून पक्का माल तयार केला जातो अशा उद्योगांना कृषी उद्योग किंवा शेतीवर आधारित उद्योग म्हणून ओळखले जाते. कृषी आधारीत उद्योगांचे प्रामुख्याने प्रक्रिया उद्योग आणि प्रक्रिया उद्योग असे दोन विभागात वर्गीकरण केले जाते. प्रक्रिया उद्योग नाशवंत वस्तूच्या साठवणूक की संदर्भात आहेत. यामध्ये कडधान्ये, भाजीपाला व फळे इत्यादींचा समावेश होतो. शेती उद्योग शेतमालावर अवलंबून असतात. उदा. साखर उद्योग, कापड उद्योग, ताग उद्योग इ.

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कृषी उद्योग आधारित महाराष्ट्रातील साखर उद्योगाची सद्यस्थिती आणि भवितव्य:एक अभ्यास

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Before the democracy promotion efforts of Iraq or Afghanistan in the early 21st century, there was the Soviet Union in the late 20th century. For much longer, and with much greater capacity than Saddam Hussein's regime or the Taliban, the Soviet regime threatened the United States. The destruction of the Soviet regime and the construction of a pro-Western, democratic regime in its place, therefore, was a major objective of American foreign policy. Some presidents pursued this goal more vigorously than others: Nixon cared less, Reagan rather more. Yet, even during the height of Nixonian realism, Senator Jackson and Congressman Vanik made sure that the human rights of Soviet citizens were not ignored. Containment of Soviet power always remained a primary objective of U.S. policy, but democratic change inside the USSR survived as a hope, if not a policy goal for most of this period. Some administrations even devoted real resources and strategic thinking to the issue. Perhaps most boldly, President Reagan launched his strategic defense initiative in part to push the Soviet regime into bankruptcy. Almost twentyfive years after Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and quickly began the process of political change within the USSR, it is still not at all clear that Russia will consolidate as a democracy. It did, however, successfully transit from Soviet-style autocracy and so we count it among the transitional "success" cases for the purposes of this project.

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PROCESS OF DISSOLUTION OF THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS IMPACT

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Bhabani Bhattacharya : as a Novelist

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In order to ascertain accumulation of heavy metals including Al, Cr and Pb in Euphorbia hirta L found in leaves and soil collected from sites of terrestrial land in Melkaranai village, Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu. Investigations were performed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Comparative assessment of heavy metal contents confirmed accumulation of aluminium in leaves (507.5 ppm/gm) and soil (321.43 ppm/gm) followed by lead in leaves (26.55 ppm/gm) and soil (5.19 ppm/gm) and chromium in leaves (0 ppm/gm) and soil (2.64 ppm/gm). The mineral nutrients including C, N and P were analyzed in plant leaves and soil. The amount of carbon found in leaves (40.67%) and soil (1.55%), followed by nitrogen as found in leaves (2.77%) and soil (0.12%) and phosphorus as in leaves (0.52%) and soil (0.28%). The present investigation, shows high amount of aluminium heavy metal (507.5 ppm/gm) has found in E.hirta comparatively other heavy metals. The same results were found in soil also. The mineral nutrients analysis the high amount of carbon (40.67%) has found in E. hirta, comparatively other mineral nutrients. The same results were found in soil also. The results showed heavy metals accumulation in plant, procured from plant leaves as compared to soil. The main purpose of the investigation was to document evidence for the users, collectors, and practitioners of E.hirta obtained from the non-polluted areas for human consumption.

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Euphorbia hirta, soil, heavy metal analysis, mineral nutrient analysis

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Food borne diseases is a serious public health problem, even in developed countries, creating a significant social and economic burden on communities and their health systems. Fungi such as Candida albicans Candida tropicalis Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp, Mucor sp, Rhizopus sp isolated from house hold refrigerators were tested for their sensitivity to essential oils such as Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) and geranium oil (Pelargonium graveolens) in two different dilutions (1:1 and 1:2 in ethanol). In agar well diffusion method the selected essential oils were effective against all forms such as yeast, yeast like fungi and molds and mostly comparable to the standard reference antifungal drug amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Palmarosa 1 and 2 were found to be effective but to the least level when compared with the reference drug, amphotericin B. The diluted forms such as palmarosa 2 and geraniol 2 was less active compared to 1. The results have clearly indicated the effect was concentration dependent. The results for minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were similar to MIC results, but in MFC confirmation was made by the absence of visible growth in culture media. The antifungal activity is attributed to the components of essential oils, which mostly interferes with the cell membrane structure and function. According to the results of this study, the essential oil compounds of essential oils may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antimicrobial for the prevention, treatment and control of fungal diseases in various patients and for the prevention of contamination in refrigerators.

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antifungal activity, food borne bacteria, essential oils, palmarosa, geranium oil

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