Volume 11 | Issue 4 | October

 Abstract

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Nutritional values, wild vegetables, tribes, Bauhinia purpurea, Sesbania grandiflora, Smilax zeylanica, Gadchiroli

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives using lanthanum chloride as catalyst has been developed via one-pot three-component reaction. Excellent yields, mild reaction condition and simple experimental work-up are some of the remarkable features of this method.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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3,4-Dihydropyrano[c]chromene, Multi-component reaction, Lanthanum chloride, 4- Hydroxy Coumarin.

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As fruits are highly nutritious, they become a habitat for a diverse range of bacteria that can cause deterioration and be pathogenic or beneficial. Cellulolytic bacteria are one type of beneficial bacteria proven to digest the cellulose components of fruits. The present study aims at isolating, identifying and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from compost made of fruit peels of apples, bananas, custard apples, guava, oranges, papaya, and pomegranates. It was used to isolate and identify bacteria from spoiled fruits of apples, bananas, custard apples, grapes, oranges, papaya, pear and pomegranates. 6 colonies of bacteria were obtained on CMC agar and nutrient agar, isolated from the compost sample and spoiled fruit sample respectively. When the bacterial strains obtained from compost soil were tested on CMC agar and flooded with safrannin and NaCl, they were observed to degrade cellulose. Gram staining, RAPD, AFLP, Sanger sequencing, BLAST and phylogenetic tree construction were used for morphological and molecular characterization of isolated bacteria. Results revealed that Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus licheniformis were cellulolytic bacteria, where as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus colini were found to be present in spoiled fruits. The utilisation of cellulolytic properties of bacteria is becoming increasingly important in efficient conversion of cellulolytic wastes into useful and sustainable alternatives to chemical products. It's also crucial to determine whether bacteria present in spoiled fruits are beneficial or harmful.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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16s rRNA, BLAST, cellulolytic bacteria, phylogenetic tree, sanger sequencing, spoilage of fruits.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Benincasa hispida, commonly known as ash gourd, has been used as a vegetable in various countries. It has been known to have medicinal properties and has been used extensively in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda. This paper analyzes the properties of ash gourd that makes it a desirable medicinal plant. We compared the properties of three extracts of ash gourd- seed, pulp and peel. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to test the presence of secondary groups- flavonoids, sterols and phenols. TLC was performed with standards in order to find specific secondary groups present. Further, antioxidant and antimicrobial tests were conducted to characterize and differentiate the properties of the three extracts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Benincasa hispida, flavonoids, antioxidant, antimicrobial

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, orange peel, silver nanoparticles

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanoparticles possess antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant properties that are useful in the biomedical field due to their unique properties, which have a profound impact on human life. The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is safer, more eco-friendly, and more economically viable to produce nanoparticles organically than using chemical or physical agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are appealing to researchers in the healthcare field because their wound healing properties and low cost make them less expensive than gold. The current work focuses on the biosynthesis of AgNPs from healthy and fungus-contaminated watermelon rinds in an aqueous medium. In light of many traits of watermelon, DNA barcoding has been utilized to identify the species as Citrullus lanatus. It was determined that the color changes are indicative of Ag0 metal formation by reduction of Ag2+ ions in the solution and confirmed using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. From the collected infected rind, lactophenol cotton blue staining was used to identify the species of fungus that caused it. The two pathogenic strains- Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are evaluated for antibacterial activity employing the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were also examined the antioxidant properties. The result of this work showed that greater antibacterial activity against gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria with the potential of agricultural or bio-wastes as a source is used effectively to synthesis silver nanoparticles.

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antibacterial, antioxidant, eco-friendly synthesis, lactophenol cotton blue

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture in the tribal areas differs from that of the plain areas, even though the innate character is the same for both types of geographical farming. But, Podu or shifting cultivation is a unique feature of tribal agriculture. No longer are the tribals of this district settled agriculturists, albeit shifting cultivation is a vestige transition of tribal society from one of food gathering and hunting stage to that of settled agriculture. In this chapter an attempt is made to analyze the nature of different farming systems followed in the study area. This chapter is broadly presented in three different sections. The first section (1) discusses about the cropping pattern of the selected tribal households. Section two (2) analyzes the cost of cultivation in different farming systems. The analysis relating to the Per Acre Net returns under Different Farming Systems is presented in section three (3).

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Podu Cultivation, Tribes, modern practices of farming.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In a country like India, where lot of work needs to be done on the rural section of the country, the onus lies on the shoulders of the Central Government. In such scenarios voluntary groups come forward that help in sustainable development of those areas. These groups termed as NGOs act as a benevolent hand to the Government as they systematically try to organize, help and empower the poor people of India. From almost the early 1980s, NGOs have surfaced to help the Government in making these impoverished strata of society, economically empowered. NGOs act as the middle men between the people and the Government schemes. These NGOs from many decades have helped the economically weakened people to form SHGs. They try to reach the benefits of the Government microfinance schemes to such groups. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) are doing a remarkable job in the area of socioeconomic, cultural and environmental development. Most notable is their work in the rural development in India through Self-help groups (SHGs). Since 1986, various NGOs have contributed to the welfare of the development of the SHGs across India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Non-Government organization, Self-help group, empowerment, poverty, development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Packaging is designed to contain a product so that it is unable to interact with the environment. Packaging must provide the protection, identification, information against the physical damage, loss of content or ingredients and intrusion of unwanted component of the environment such as water vapour, oxygen and light. An important role of pharmaceutical packaging is to transform the formulation into an attractive and marketable product. So many issues regarding the pharmaceutical product like stability, sale, patient compliance etc are related with the packaging and in regard to this; present review is done on the various advancements in the packaging techniques and selection of packaging material, machinery & labelling. The present article reviews the various packaging materials,types of packaging in pharmaceutical industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Packaging, design

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition